Reader-friendly study notes, with source details added where a specific text is used.
The Upanishads (उपनिषद)
The Upanishads contain the core philosophical messages of Vedanta. They explore the nature of reality, showing that the individual soul (Atman) is identical to the universal soul (Brahman). Click a directory below to explore the major Upanishads, or view the complete 108 canon table.
The Muktika Canon of 108 Upanishads
The traditional list of 108 canonical Upanishads from the Muktika Upanishad:
| No. | Upanishad Name | Associated Veda | Core Philosophical Focus / Category |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isha (ईश) | Shukla Yajurveda | Mukhya / Primary |
| 2 | Kena (केन) | Samaveda | Mukhya / Primary |
| 3 | Katha (कठ) | Krishna Yajurveda | Mukhya / Primary |
| 4 | Prashna (प्रश्न) | Atharvaveda | Mukhya / Primary |
| 5 | Mundaka (मुण्डक) | Atharvaveda | Mukhya / Primary |
| 6 | Mandukya (माण्डूक्य) | Atharvaveda | Mukhya / Primary |
| 7 | Taittiriya (तैत्तिरीय) | Krishna Yajurveda | Mukhya / Primary |
| 8 | Aitareya (ऐतरेय) | Rigveda | Mukhya / Primary |
| 9 | Chandogya (छान्दोग्य) | Samaveda | Mukhya / Primary |
| 10 | Brihadaranyaka (बृहदारण्यक) | Shukla Yajurveda | Mukhya / Primary |
| 11 | Kaushitaki (कौषीतकि) | Rigveda | Samanayaka / General |
| 12 | Shvetashvatara (श्वेताश्वतर) | Krishna Yajurveda | Samanayaka / General |
| 13 | Maitrayaniya (मैत्रायणीय) | Krishna Yajurveda | Samanayaka / General |
| 14 | Kaivalya (कैवल्य) | Krishna Yajurveda | Shaiva / Devotional |
| 15 | Jabala (जाबाल) | Shukla Yajurveda | Sannyasa / Renunciation |
| 16 | Vajrasuchika (वज्रसूचिका) | Samaveda | Samanayaka / Social-Critique |
| 17 | Aksha-Malika (अक्षमालिका) | Rigveda | Shaiva / Ritual Devotion |
| 18 | Pranagnihotra (प्राणाग्निहोत्र) | Krishna Yajurveda | Samanayaka / Breath-Ritual |
| 19 | Surya (सूर्य) | Atharvaveda | Sauras / Solar Meditation |
| 20 | Amrita-Bindu (अमृतबिन्दु) | Krishna Yajurveda | Yoga / Breath & Mind |
| 21 | Tejo-Bindu (तेजोबिन्दु) | Krishna Yajurveda | Yoga / Non-dual Yoga |
| 22 | Nada-Bindu (नादबिन्दु) | Rigveda | Yoga / Sound Meditation |
| 23 | Dhyana-Bindu (ध्यानबिन्दु) | Krishna Yajurveda | Yoga / Meditation |
| 24 | Brahma-Vidya (ब्रह्मविद्या) | Krishna Yajurveda | Yoga / Divine Sound |
| 25 | Yogatattva (योगतत्त्व) | Krishna Yajurveda | Yoga / Hatha-Yoga details |
| 26 | Amritanada (अमृतनाद) | Krishna Yajurveda | Yoga / Six-fold Yoga |
| 27 | Aruneya (आरुणेय) | Samaveda | Sannyasa / Renunciation |
| 28 | Garbha (गर्भ) | Krishna Yajurveda | Samanayaka / Embryology |
| 29 | Narayana (नारायण) | Krishna Yajurveda | Vaishnava / Devotional |
| 30 | Paramahamsa (परमहंस) | Shukla Yajurveda | Sannyasa / Renunciation |
| 31-108 | The remaining 78 texts are cached and accessible via search filter options. | ||
How This Page Was Prepared
This page is maintained as a clear study guide. It uses traditional structure, common scripture names, and source notes where available. When mantra or verse text is published, source and copyright details are reviewed separately.
